Define Python classes, create independent objects, and use self to read or update instance state.

Initialize reliable Python objects with constructor arguments, optional defaults, and state-updating methods.

Separate shared class settings from independent instance state and avoid accidental shared mutable data.

Choose instance, class, and static methods; read shared settings and create objects through class factories.

Reuse parent behavior, initialize inherited state, and extend parent methods using super().

Override inherited behavior and use the same method call across different subclasses.

Control attribute access using properties, validation setters, and computed state.

Represent objects as readable text and simplify value-oriented classes with dataclasses.

Build flexible objects through injected collaborators and delegation instead of unnecessary inheritance.